Which procedure entails the removal of a kidney?

The procedure that entails the removal of a kidney is nephrectomy. This term is derived from "nephro," meaning related to the kidney, and "ectomy," which refers to surgical removal. Nephrectomy can be performed for various reasons, including kidney disease, tumors, trauma, or donation of a kidney.

In contrast, nephrolithotomy involves the surgical removal of kidney stones and is focused on addressing obstructive processes within the kidney rather than the entire organ. Ureteroscopy is a procedure used to visualize and treat conditions in the urinary tract, particularly in the ureter or bladder, and does not involve the removal of any part of the kidney. A renal biopsy is a diagnostic procedure where a small sample of kidney tissue is taken for examination, again not involving the removal of the kidney itself.

Thus, nephrectomy is the specific surgical procedure that addresses the complete removal of a kidney, making it the correct choice in this context.