What is the medical term for a kidney infection?

The term "pyelonephritis" specifically refers to an infection of the kidney, which usually occurs when bacteria ascend from the bladder or urethra into the kidneys. Pyelonephritis can arise from a urinary tract infection (UTI) that has moved up the urinary tract, leading to inflammation and infection in the renal pelvis and tissues surrounding the kidneys. This condition often presents with symptoms such as fever, flank pain, and malaise, distinguishing it as a more serious infection than other types of urinary infections, such as cystitis (bladder infection) or urethritis (infection of the urethra).

Understanding the specific medical terminology is crucial in clinical settings to ensure accurate diagnosis and treatment. Recognizing the difference between pyelonephritis and other conditions, such as nephrosis, which denotes kidney damage rather than infection, is essential for appropriate patient management.